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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel class of porous materials, demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic performance owing to their high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, permanent porosities, and customizable functionalities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of COFs in photocatalysis. In energy\u2010related applications, COFs effectively catalyze hydrogen (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) generation, and uranium (U(VI)) extraction from seawater, thereby offering new avenues for sustainable energy generation. In environmental remediation, COFs exploit photocatalytic properties to reduce carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) emissions and degrade antibiotics in wastewater, thereby contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation and the enhancement of water quality. The review further explores the underlying mechanisms of COFs in photocatalytic H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> generation, U(VI) reduction, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction, and antibiotic degradation, emphasizing the pivotal role of the COF structure in governing photocatalytic performance. Nevertheless, challenges persist concerning the stability, catalytic efficiency, and scalability of COFs. Future research should prioritize optimizing synthesis methods, tuning structural features, and enhancing the stability and performance of COFs to facilitate their practical applications. These advancements are crucial for promoting the widespread adoption of photocatalytic technologies in the energy and environmental sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202500305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:26:37Z","timestamp":1741760797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Applications of COFs and Their Derivatives in Photocatalysis for Energy Production and Harmful Substance Degradation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University  Beijing 102206 P.\u2005R. China"},{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences Shaoxing University  Shaoxing 312000 P.\u2005R. 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