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However, the limited chemical diversity among these materials constrains their versatility for key catalytic processes, including carbon dioxide (CRR), nitrogen (NRR), and oxygen (ORR) reduction reactions. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the impact of chalcogen vacancies on the properties of \n, \n, and \n, focusing on the adsorption behaviors of CO, NO, and \n. The findings reveal that chalcogen vacancies not only enhance surface reactivity but also impart distinctive physicochemical characteristics to each TMD. These effects arise from intrinsic bonding differences, resulting in distinct charge availability at exposed Mo atoms and variations in vacancy dimensions, which shape specific surface interactions. Hence, while adsorption differences between pristine surfaces are generally negligible for catalysis, vacancies amplify them by over an order of magnitude, resulting in pronounced material\u2010specific behaviors. Moreover, varying vacancy dimensions affect how species incorporate into defects, further enhancing the differences. These characteristics unlock substantial potential of TMD sheets for distinct surface chemistries, transforming them from relatively similar to markedly different as defect density rises. Consequently, our findings provide insights for tailoring these materials toward applications in electro\u2010 and photocatalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202500324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T10:03:57Z","timestamp":1739873037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chalcogen Vacancies as Key Drivers of Distinct Physicochemistry in MoS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    , MoSe\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    , and MoTe\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    for Selective Catalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Piosik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering Poznan University of Technology  ul. Piotrowo 3 61-138 Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej J.","family":"Szary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics Poznan University of Technology  ul. Piotrowo Pozna\u0144, 3 61-138 Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300263a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recent advances in two-dimensional materials beyond graphene ACS Nano2015 9 11509\u201311539. doi:10.1021\/acsnano.5b05556.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recent advances in ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials Chem. 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