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NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that while MAXCalix efficiently coordinates large ions such as Cs\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , it also forms complexes with smaller ions like Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , highlighting the ligand's versatility. The size of the ion directly influences the complex structure, with two distinct structural subtypes identified via NMR and DFT calculations. In addition, \u03c0\u2010interactions between the cation and the cation\u2010facing benzene rings of the calix[4]arene backbone play an important role in stabilizing the complex. Larger ions like Cs\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    benefit from \u03c0\u2010interactions with both cation\u2010facing rings, whereas smaller ions like K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    interact with only one ring, if any. These \u03c0\u2010interactions are primarily drivers of the enhanced affinity for Cs\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and the resulting higher complex stability. Competitive NMR studies further confirmed that the complex stability increases with increasing ionic radius, and ions of similar size show comparable stability of their complexes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202501065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T03:00:52Z","timestamp":1746759652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Ion Size and \u03c0\u2010Interaction in Stabilizing Calix[4]arene Crown Ether Metal Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3523-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Sittel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal  P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University  Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Polly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal  P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"M\u00fcllich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal  P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Geist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal  P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra J.","family":"Panak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal  P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University  Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008079027142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068046j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(94)00918-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ract-2020-0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00268976.2022.2072784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252521010563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja016597f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction","author":"Dozol J. 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