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However, the inert nature of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and high activation energy barrier for methanol formation remain major challenges. In this study, we developed a series of Nb\u2010promoted Pt\/MoOx\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalysts for efficient CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation at temperatures below 200\u00a0\u00b0C. Among these, Pt(5)\/Mo(10)\u2010Nb(1)\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited superior performance, achieving a high methanol productivity of 3.8\u00a0mmol g\n                    <jats:sub>cat<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 150\u00a0\u00b0C, outperforming the commercial Cu\u2010ZnO\/Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst under comparable conditions. The catalyst showed stable performance during a 400\u00a0h long\u2010term reaction. Detailed\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>operando<\/jats:italic>\n                    spectroscopic studies revealed that Pt sites were primarily responsible for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation, while partially reduced MoO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    species facilitated the formation of oxygenated intermediates. The incorporation of highly dispersed Nb species promoted methanol desorption and inhibited its decomposition, thereby contributing to the overall catalytic efficiency. This study outlines a rational design approach for constructing robust low\u2010temperature catalysts and provides mechanistic insights into the synergistic roles of the metal and oxide components in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010methanol conversion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202502546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T07:28:19Z","timestamp":1763364499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nb\u2010Promoted Pt\/MoO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    \/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Catalysts for Low\u2010Temperature CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Hydrogenation to 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