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The crystal structures of the complexes (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    )\u2013(\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) were determined by single\u2010crystal X\u2010ray diffraction. DNA binding interactions of the water\u2010soluble chloride salts of the complexes (\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    )\u2013(\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy using the B\u2010type DNA model oligonucleotide duplex d(5\u2032\u2010CGCGAATTCGCG\u20103\u2032)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMR chemical shift changes revealed that the chelating ligands (\n                    <jats:bold>phe<\/jats:bold>\n                    or\n                    <jats:bold>bq<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) partially intercalate and\/or bind in the helix minor groove. Among these, complex {[(\u03b7\u2076\u2010p\u2010cym)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ru\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (phe)(bq)](\u03bc\u2010BL\u20101)}\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , (\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), induced the most pronounced perturbations, including partial helix unwinding. Fluorescence quenching experiments yielded the Stern\u2013Volmer constants (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sv<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and the binding constants (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in the moderate\u2010to\u2010high affinity range, consistent with the NMR observations. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies showed that the chloride salts of the complexes (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    )\u2013(\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) exhibit low\u2010micromolar IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values against MCF\u20107, A2780, and cisplatin\u2010resistant A2780cis\u2010resistant cell lines, while showing moderate selectivity for cancer cells over normal fibroblasts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202502680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T07:51:26Z","timestamp":1762847486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DNA Noncovalent Interactions of Dinuclear \u03b7\n                    <sup>6<\/sup>\n                    \u2010Arene Ru(II) Complexes: Influence of Complex Charge and Bridging Ligand Length on DNA Binding Mode and Cytotoxic Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Thomos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Tsolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Plakatouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis\u2010Michail","family":"Chronakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Ioannina, Greece, Institution University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute\u2010Foundation for Research and Technology  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Biosciences University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI)  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Magklara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Ioannina, Greece, Institution University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute\u2010Foundation for Research and Technology  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Biosciences University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI)  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achilleas","family":"Garoufis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry University of Ioannina  Ioannina GR\u201045110 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/222385a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/205698a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"637","volume":"71","author":"Kidani Y.","year":"1980","journal-title":"GANN: Japanese J. 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