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However, the development of catalysts that simultaneously provide high activity, selectivity, and cost\u2010effectiveness remains challenging. This work investigates cadmium\u2010based catalysts for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation to methanol, examining the influence of support composition, crystal phase, and metal promotion on catalytic performance. It was found that Cu\u2010promoted cadmium sites supported on TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    with a mixed\u2010phase of anatase and rutile markedly enhanced catalytic performance. Under optimized conditions (5\u00a0MPa and 290\u00b0C), the CdCu\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst achieved a methanol selectivity of 82% at a CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    conversion of 15% or a methanol selectivity of 78% at a CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    conversion of 18% at different space velocities. Our characterization demonstrates that the loading of cadmium onto mixed\u2010phase TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    provides weak basic sites that favor CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    adsorption and activation. The combination with a trace of Cu facilitates the reduction of cadmium, thus promoting the hydrogenation reactivity. The synergistic interaction among Cd, Cu, and the mixed\u2010phase TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    collectively promotes methanol formation. This study demonstrates a cost\u2010effective and alternative catalyst for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation and offers insights into structure\u2013activity relationships for catalyst design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202503649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:41:02Z","timestamp":1773117662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Promoted Cadmium Catalysts Supported on TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    for Efficient CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Hydrogenation to Methanol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Furan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0090-8380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jincan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7112-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen 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