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Metals are drawn from the 3d and 4d periods of groups 6\u201312. The bonding mode is quite variable in strength, geometry, and fundamental nature: metals from the left side of the periodic table tend to form strong bonds, bordering on coordinate covalent, and can induce nonplanar distortions into the benzene ring, while the M atoms further to the right engage in weaker noncovalent bonds. Halogenation of the benzene ring causes only minor perturbations to this M\u00b7\u00b7\u03c0 bonding. The transfer of charge away from the ring to the metal species facilitates a deepening of the \u03c3\u2010hole on the halogen atom of the ring and a strengthening of its halogen bond to NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This cooperativity is not large, amounting to less than 1.5\u00a0kcal\/mol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.71005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T17:20:36Z","timestamp":1775928036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metal\u2010\u03c0 Interactions Between M(CO)\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    and Halobenzene. 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