{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:58:16Z","timestamp":1785772696451,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AFOSR FA9550\u201021\u20101\u20100170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFOSR FA9550\u201021\u20101\u20100170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004055","name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry A European J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We present a gas\u2013water interfacial carboxylation of phenol into salicylic acid under ambient conditions, bypassing the high temperature and pressure required by the conventional Kolbe\u2013Schmitt reaction. Phenol\u2010containing microdroplets were sprayed with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into a high\u2010resolution mass spectrometer, where in situ analysis revealed a highly regioselective ortho\u2010carboxylation pathway. To scale up the process, we transitioned from microdroplets to microbubbles, extending the gas\u2013water contact time. Milligram\u2010scale acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) was synthesized from 500\u00a0mL of 10\u00a0ppm aqueous phenol solution under a CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    atmosphere, upon the addition of acetic anhydride. This study highlights the unique reactivity of micron\u2010scale gas\u2013water interfaces, whether in droplets or bubbles, as effective media for the proof\u2010of\u2010concept conversion of dilute aqueous phenol and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into pharmaceutically relevant products under ambient conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.71518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:28:34Z","timestamp":1785770914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis of Aspirin at the Gas\u2013Water Interface With Phenol and Carbon Dioxide"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3611-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1187-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanbasha","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining &amp; Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals  Dhahran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5266-4253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard N.","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B918763B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823378700300407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726\u2010016\u20100035\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2020.1738412"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10588330008951128","article-title":"Biodegradation of Phenol: Mechanisms and Applications","volume":"4","author":"Schie P. M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioremediation Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270\u2010010\u20100456\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2011.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.140672"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16000870.2019.1620078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA10902A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201601545"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202100240"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC01959H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie2000192"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00435"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014\u20102999(02)01828\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.963843"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ed075p1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr50016a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01415a011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c03921"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c07779"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c12586"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202304189"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010physchem\u2010121319\u2010110654"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP04998H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201602270"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202412246"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c16083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c11899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00536"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aec4225"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2024.120903"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5GC02605A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c11575"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2519491122"}],"container-title":["Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/chem.71518","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/chem.71518","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/chem.71518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:28:35Z","timestamp":1785770915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/chem.71518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/chem.71518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.71518","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-6539","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71518"}}