{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:39:38Z","timestamp":1790444378216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology CR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among visceral metastatic sites, cutaneous melanoma (CM) metastasises initially to the liver in ~14\u201320% of cases. Liver metastases in CM patients are associated with both poor prognosis and poor response to immunotherapy. Histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases of the replacement and desmoplastic type, particularly from colorectal cancer and uveal melanoma (UM), may impart valuable biological and prognostic information. Here, we have studied HGP in 43 CM liver metastases resected from 42 CM patients along with other prognostic factors from three institutions. The HGPs (replacement, desmoplastic, pushing) were scored at the metastasis\u2013liver interface with two algorithms: (1) 100% desmoplastic growth pattern (dHGP) and any (\u22651%) replacement pattern (any\u2010rHGP) and (2) &gt;50% dHGP, &gt;50% rHGP or mixed (&lt;50% dHGP and\/or rHGP, pushing HGP). For 1 patient with 2 metastases, an average was taken to obtain 1 final HGP yielding 42 observations from 42 patients. 22 cases (52%) had 100% dHGP whereas 20 (48%) had any replacement. Cases with rHGP demonstrated vascular co\u2010option\/angiotropism. With the development of liver metastasis, only rHGP (both algorithms), male gender and positive resection margins predicted diminished overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.00099 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.0015; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.034 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.024 respectively). On multivariate analysis, only HGP remained significant. 7 of 42 (17%) patients were alive with disease and 21 (50%) died with follow\u2010up after liver metastases ranging from 1.8 to 42.2 months (mean: 20.4 months, median: 19.0 months). 14 (33%) patients with previously\u2010treated metastatic disease had no evidence of disease at last follow up. In conclusion, we report for the first time replacement and desmoplastic HGPs in CM liver metastases and their prognostic value, as in UM and other solid cancers. Of particular importance, <jats:italic>any rHGP<\/jats:italic> significantly predicted diminished overall survival while 100% <jats:italic>dHGP<\/jats:italic> correlated with increased survival. These results contribute to a better understanding of the biology of CM liver metastases and potentially may be utilised in managing patients with these metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T04:00:40Z","timestamp":1587182440000},"page":"195-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Replacement and desmoplastic histopathological growth patterns in cutaneous melanoma liver metastases: frequency, characteristics, and robust prognostic value"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8086-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Barnhill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Institut Curie  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Translational Research Institut Curie  Paris France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Paris R\u00e9n\u00e9 Descartes  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter\u2010Jan","family":"van Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp \u2013 MIPRO Center for Oncological Research (CORE) \u2013 TCRU, GZA Sint\u2010Augustinus  Antwerpen Belgium"},{"name":"HistoGeneX  Wilrijk Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp \u2013 MIPRO Center for Oncological Research (CORE) \u2013 TCRU, GZA Sint\u2010Augustinus  Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Champenois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology Institut Curie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology Institut Curie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert V","family":"Rawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S","family":"Wilmott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina V","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Cassoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Paris R\u00e9n\u00e9 Descartes  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Institut Curie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Roman\u2010Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research Institut Curie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus J","family":"Busam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Scolyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Lugassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research Institut Curie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2006.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2014.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jjco.a023174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-019-09661-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-019-09695-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181753a8e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"How 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