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The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement in grading DCIS between Dutch, British, and American pathologists. Haematoxylin and eosin\u2010stained slides of 425 women with primary DCIS were independently reviewed by nine breast pathologists based in the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA. Chance\u2010corrected kappa (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ma<\/jats:sub>) for association between pathologists was calculated based on a generalised linear mixed model using the ordinal package in R. Overall <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ma<\/jats:sub> for grade of DCIS (low, intermediate, or high) was estimated to be 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44\u20130.56), indicating a moderate association between pathologists. When the model was adjusted for national guidelines, the association for grade did not change (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ma<\/jats:sub> =\u20090.53; 95% CI 0.48\u20130.57); subgroup analysis for pathologists using the UK pathology guidelines only had significantly higher association (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ma<\/jats:sub> =\u20090.58; 95% CI 0.56\u20130.61). To assess if concordance of grading relates to the expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER) and HER2, archived immunohistochemistry was analysed on a subgroup (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009106). This showed that non\u2010high grade according to the majority opinion was associated with ER positivity and HER2 negativity (100 and 89% of non\u2010high grade cases, respectively). In conclusion, DCIS grade showed only moderate association using whole slide images scored by nine breast pathologists. As therapeutic decisions and inclusion in ongoing clinical trials are guided by DCIS grade, there is a pressing need to reduce interobserver variability in grading. ER and HER2 might be supportive to prevent the accidental and unwanted inclusion of high\u2010grade DCIS in such trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T05:12:15Z","timestamp":1614057135000},"page":"233-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Variability in grading of ductal carcinoma <i>in situ<\/i> among an international group of pathologists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maartje","family":"van Seijen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"J\u00f3\u017awiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane  Neuruppin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Pinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, School of Cancer &amp; 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