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The objectives are as follows. The current review will provide criminal justice and policymakers with information regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of co-responder programs on criminal justice and social service outcomes. Specifically, the authors will address the following research questions: (1) Do co-responder police-mental health programs reduce the frequency or likelihood of criminal justice system involvement (e.g., offending, police welfare check, victimization) among those experiencing homelessness, drug and\/or alcohol addiction, or mental health crises (hereafter \u201cvulnerable populations\u201d)? (2) Do co-responder police-mental health programs improve social service outcomes among vulnerable populations? 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