{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:31:48Z","timestamp":1758706308975},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired brachial flow\u2010mediated dilation (FMD) and increased carotid intima\u2010media thickness (IMT) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured brachial FMD and a mean of 12 sites maximum carotid IMT (mmIMT) in 279 patients (mean age 62 \u00b1 12 y; 163 men) admitted for coronary angiography due to chest pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are gender differences in the predictive values of FMD and IMT for cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Univariable analysis showed that impaired FMD (p &lt; 0.001), but not increased mmIMT (p = 0.056), significantly predicted spontaneous cardiovascular events. After adjusting for the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other clinical variables, age (heart rate [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01\u20101.09, p = 0.017) and FMD (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75\u20100.97, p = 0.012) were independent predictors for cardiovascular events. A total of 148 (53%) patients had CAD (\u226550% diameter stenosis). Over a median follow\u2010up of 16 mo, 36 (12.9%) patients experienced spontaneous cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, stroke, acute myocardial infarction [MI], unstable angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure [HF]). Women were more likely than men to develop cardiovascular events in patients without significant CAD (11.9% versus 1.6%, odds ratio [OR] = 8.54, p = 0.033), but not in those patients with CAD (20.4 % versus 17.2%, OR = 1.24, p = 0.66). Moreover, women accounted for 8 (88.9%) events in non\u2010CAD patients. Furthermore, impaired FMD predicted the occurrence of cardiovascular events in both men and women (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brachial FMD, rather than carotid IMT, was an independent predictor for cardiovascular events after adjusting for the extent of CAD. Moreover, impaired brachial endothelial function in women without significant CAD was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous cardiovascular events. Copyright \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T02:33:47Z","timestamp":1226543627000},"page":"525-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gender Differences on Brachial Flow\u2010mediated Dilation and Carotid Intima\u2010media Thickness for Prediction of Spontaneous Cardiovascular Events"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu\u2010Pak","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010Fat","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mol.0000174400.68938.f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.12.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000196964.24024.ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00927-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-767OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01746-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002178","article-title":"Burden of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with stroke: relationships with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Lau KK","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200209000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115525.92645.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01754-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000206440.48756.f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.09.098"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fclc.20314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.20314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T22:48:09Z","timestamp":1696632489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.20314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.20314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.20314","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}