{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:48:58Z","timestamp":1777445338618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]],"date-time":"2009-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is well known that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) often precedes the development of chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively whether transthoracic echocardiography is useful for the prediction of the transition to CAF in elderly patients with nonvalvular PAF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two consecutive elderly patients (\u226565 years) with nonvalvular PAF were prospectively evaluated after undergoing transthoracic echocardiography. The study endpoint was the transition to CAF (AF; \u2265 6 mo).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a follow\u2010up period of 32 \u00b1 24 mo, 12 patients developed CAF. Patients with CAF had a significantly lower peak A velocity (A) and a higher E\/A ratio of the transmitral inflow (TMF) such as a pseudonormalization pattern, and a lower peak atrial reversal wave velocity, higher peak diastolic wave velocity (D), and lower peak systolic\/diastolic wave velocity ratio (S\/D ratio) of the pulmonary venous flow (PVF). Kaplan\u2010Meier analysis revealed that the transition to CAF was observed more often when A was \u2264 70 cm\/sec and E\/A ratio was \u2265 1.07 of TMF, and D was \u2265 44 cm\/sec and the S\/D ratio was \u2264 1.34 of PVF. All patients developed CAF when the E\/A ratio was \u2265 1.15 or the S\/D ratio was \u2264 0.75.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study suggests that elderly patients at high risk for transition to CAF have a pseudonormalization pattern of TMF and a diastolic dominant pattern of PVF, and that transthoracic Doppler estimation of TMF and PVF may be useful in identifying elderly patients at high risk for the transition from nonvalvular PAF to CAF. Copyright \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]],"date-time":"2009-10-08T19:56:19Z","timestamp":1255031779000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prediction of Transition to Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sakabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamato","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satofumi","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198204293061703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.09.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02373-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2002.0285"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2004.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.064816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90079-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.62.2.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.58.6.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00648-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2002.120202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.10.1320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.6.1546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520410065028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","article-title":"How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: A consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology","author":"Paulus WJ","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109501.47603.0C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.8.2612"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fclc.20489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.20489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T21:15:30Z","timestamp":1699996530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.20489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.20489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.20489","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]]}}}