{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:59:10Z","timestamp":1791118750038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atrialfibrillation (AF) is associated with the activation of the renin\u2010angiotensin\u2010aldosterone system in the atria. It is not clear whether the expression of a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), or 11\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11\u03b2HSD2), conferring aldosterone specificity to the MR, in patients with AF is altered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with AF may be associated with increased expression of MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 in the atria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atrial tissue samples of 25 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease undergoing a valve replacement operation were examined. A total of 13 patients had chronic persistent AF (&gt;6 mo) and 12 patients had no history of AF. The MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 expression were analyzed at the mRNA and protein level. The localization of MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 in atrial tissue was performed using specific immunohistochemistry staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that AF groups, in comparison with sinus rhythm, had a higher mRNA expression level of MR or 11\u03b2HSD2 (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Both the MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 protein expression level in atrial tissue were also significantly increased in patients with AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 or <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The immunohistochemical staining of MR or 11\u03b2HSD2 demonstrated that MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 predominately located in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells in the atrium and the intensity and density of immunostaining appeared to be increased in the atria of patients with AF compared to those without AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing expression of MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 in the atria during AF is one of the molecular mechanisms for development of atrial interstitial fibrosis in patients with AF. These findings may have an important impact on the treatment of AF with aldosterone antagonists. Copyright \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T19:26:28Z","timestamp":1262978788000},"page":"23-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Increased Expression of Mineralocorticoid Receptor and 11\u03b2\u2010Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Human Atria During Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"De\u2010An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhi\u2010Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Jin\u2010Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zheng\u2010Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Shi\u2010eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000022665.18619.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01905-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2005.03722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2845584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000080521.15238.E5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.163956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.4.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072793.81076.D4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.10.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14284-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(03)00198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000159937.05502.d1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00372.x"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fclc.20689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.20689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T14:46:43Z","timestamp":1700578003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.20689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.20689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.20689","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}