{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:37:14Z","timestamp":1771472234879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasma B\u2010type natriuretic peptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content>) level has been shown to be increased in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>) independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content> level and heart rate variation in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasma BNP level is associated with heart rate variation in patients with AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total  of 102 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> and preserved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF<\/jats:styled-content> were included from 2 hospitals. The ambulatory electrocardiographic recording and measurement of plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content> levels were performed simultaneously. Echo\u2010Doppler parameters were measured as the average of 10 consecutive cardiac cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A difference in the mean heart rate between night and day (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIFF<\/jats:styled-content>) and the standard deviation of the 5\u2010miniute mean R\u2010R interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDARR<\/jats:styled-content>) were significantly associated with log\u2010transformed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content> levels (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.411, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.243, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049, respectively). In echocardiography, the ratio of E velocity to early diastolic velocity, which reflects left ventricular (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>) filling pressure, was significantly correlated with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIFF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDARR<\/jats:styled-content>, along with the log\u2010transformed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content> level. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIFF<\/jats:styled-content> and age were independent factors related with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content> level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduced diurnal variation of heart rate was significantly associated with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNP<\/jats:styled-content>, which is linked to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> diastolic dysfunction in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T19:20:42Z","timestamp":1365794442000},"page":"394-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reduced Diurnal 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of Cardiology (Orita) Sumitomo Besshi Hospital  Niihama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutsuko","family":"Sangawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Miyoshi, Sangawa, Nakamura, Ito) Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Nakatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (Nakatsu) Kagawa\u2010ken Saiseikai Hospital  Kagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youko","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (Doi, Noguchi) Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital  Takamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center 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