{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T17:07:29Z","timestamp":1758820049167},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increased serum glucose level in patients with acute coronary syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACS<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with adverse clinical outcome. This hyperglycemia has been attributed, at least in part, to acute stress reaction. Our objective was to determine whether hyperglycemia is a stress\u2010related phenomenon or whether it represents a more sustained and possibly significant background dysglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperglycemia in patients undergoing coronary angiography is related to background dysglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were obtained at the time of cardiac catheterization. Patients with hemoglobin A1c &gt;6.5% were excluded to avoid patients with chronic glucose levels above 135 mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>. A logistic regression model was created to assess the influence of different variables on hyperglycemia (glucose levels above 140 mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>). We also evaluated the effect of glucose levels above 140 mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content> on major adverse cardiovascular events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACEs<\/jats:styled-content>) up to 36 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 2554 consecutive patients prospectively recruited. Serum glucose levels above 140 mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content> was a strong predictor of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content> (hazard ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.3\u20103.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Both diabetes mellitus and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACS<\/jats:styled-content> were associated with hyperglycemia (glucose levels above 140 mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>). Nevertheless, the incidence of hyperglycemia was doubled in diabetic patients (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 9.4, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.9\u201022.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) compared with patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.6, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.3\u20109.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Combining both conditions was associated with a high likelihood of elevated glucose levels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 15.5, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.4\u201032.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperglycemia in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization is a strong predictor of adverse outcome. It is mainly related to background dysglycemia and to a lesser extent to the acute stress accompanying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T17:36:57Z","timestamp":1399052217000},"page":"479-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hyperglycemia in Patients Referred for Cardiac Catheterization Is Associated With Preexisting Diabetes Rather Than a Stress\u2010Related Phenomenon: A Prospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yaron","family":"Arbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv 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