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Declining cardiovascular mortality and appropriate use criteria may further increase this number.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>EECP is hypothesized to be cost\u2010effective in reducing hospitalizations in refractory angina patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data used in this analysis were collected in phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> of the International <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> Patient Registry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEPR\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content>). Data were collected on changes in Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class, Duke Activity Status Index, and number of hospitalizations in the 6\u2009months prior to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> and in the 6\u2010 and 12\u2010month intervals following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>. Estimates of the changes in annual cost of all\u2010cause hospitalization before and after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> therapy were calculated by the product of the differences in hospitalization rates in the 6\u2010month interval before and after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> treatment and estimated hospitalization and physician charges after subtracting the average cost of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for 1015 patients were analyzed. Hospitalization occurred in 55.2% of patients, an average of 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 hospitalizations\/patient, in the 6\u2010month period before 35 hours of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>; and in 24.4%, an average of 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 hospitalizations\/patient, during the 6\u2010 to 12\u2010month period after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>. The average hospitalization and physician charge in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> was $17\u2009995, and the average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> cost was $4880, yielding an annual cost savings\/patient of $17\u2009074.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of refractory angina patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in improvement in angina and functional class accompanied by a sustained reduction in health care costs over 1 year of follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T11:10:03Z","timestamp":1431342603000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Enhanced External Counterpulsation Is Cost\u2010Effective in Reducing Hospital Costs in Refractory Angina Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease State University of New York at Stony Brook  Stony Brook New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.K.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology State University of New York at Stony Brook  Stony Brook New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Kennard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiann","family":"Linnemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine St Vincent Hospital  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the IEPR\u2010II Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90727-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02191-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960240604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0691"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00140-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2002.33514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960230406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.647248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00329-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"EECP in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction: preventing progression of cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Hui JC","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.197806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.923482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.04.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.184507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2011.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).http:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/databases.jsp. 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