{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:39:12Z","timestamp":1786977552791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC-98-2627-B-010-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC-98-2627-B-010-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002801","name":"Cardiac Children???s Foundation Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Aim for the Top University Plan, Taiwan","award":["102AC-B3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102AC-B3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Season of birth (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) has been found to be related to cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms are unclear. It is suggested that birth in winter is a protective factor for the circulatory system, and this should be able to be observed using heart rate variability (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) measurements. The phenomenon may have a sex difference and is likely to be modulated by climatic factors. This study focused on this problem and investigates healthy school\u2010age children to minimize confounding factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birth in winter is protective to cardiovascular system via autonomic modulation. There is a gender difference in the relationship between SOB and autonomic activity. Climatic factors are the cause of SOB effects on autonomic system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 381 healthy school\u2010age children were recruited for this study. Their\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      profiles were measured once and climatic information related to their month of birth was gathered. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      profiles of the 2 sexes and 4 seasons of birth were compared. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to clarify the relationship between climatic factors and the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Boys born in winter have higher high\u2010frequency power (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) but a lower ratio of low\u2010frequency power to high\u2010frequency power (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) than do males born in other seasons. This result is not found for girls. Age and the temperature of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are predictive factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      among boys. The humidity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is a predictive factor for normalized low\u2010frequency power (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      among girls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Season of birth is related to both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity among school\u2010age children, especially boys. Temperature and humidity are potential causes of this\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      phenomenon.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T01:21:11Z","timestamp":1437700871000},"page":"407-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is Heart Rate Variability Related to Season of Birth?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Lieh","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun\u2010Lin Branch  Yunlin Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine, National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u2010Tau","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Taipei City Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Ting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Sleep Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Sleep Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry B.J.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Sleep Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research Taipei City Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl C.H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Science National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Sleep Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research Taipei City Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(97)80062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Seasonality of Birth: Progress in Biometeorology","author":"Miura T","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00092-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.5.662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.5.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1995.tb09919.x","article-title":"Season of birth in Down's syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Puri BK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200018120-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1965.9987622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579498001679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1963.tb00882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09984.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Meyer C, van Hanswijck de Jonge L","volume":"30","author":"Waller G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Early environmental influences on restrictive eating pathology among nonclinical females: the role of temperature at birth. 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