{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:53:32Z","timestamp":1779371612114,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate has been associated with prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFREF<\/jats:styled-content>) and sinus rhythm; whether this also holds true in patients with atrial fibrillation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>) is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate cardiac rhythm and baseline heart rate and the influence of outcome in patients with HFREF enrolled in the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 2539 patients were stratified according to their baseline heart rhythm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> or sinus rhythm) and into quartiles of heart rate (\u226470 bpm, 71\u201378 bpm, 79\u201390 bpm, and &gt;90 bpm). The primary outcome was all\u2010cause mortality. Mean follow\u2010up was 1.3 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age was 61 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28%, and 80% were male. A total of 521 (21%) patients had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> at baseline. The risk associated with all\u2010cause mortality for each 5 bpm increase in heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm (hazard ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.01\u20101.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) was significantly different from those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.00, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.94\u20101.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction\u2009=\u20090.041). The risk associated with higher heart rate in sinus rhythm was primarily attributable to excess risk in the highest quartile (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.64, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.18\u20132.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Allocation to bisoprolol did not modify the interaction between heart rate, rhythm and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFREF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>, a higher heart rate is not associated with increased event rates in contrast to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFREF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with sinus rhythm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T13:08:49Z","timestamp":1495026529000},"page":"740-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Heart rate and outcome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Differences between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm\u2014A <scp>CIBIS II<\/scp> analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4411-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart A.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Damman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk J.","family":"Van Veldhuisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle C.","family":"Van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Rienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn309","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)","volume":"29","author":"Task Force for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of European Society of Cardiology","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61259-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Rest heart rate and life expectancy","volume":"30","author":"Levine HJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.5.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2004.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.821306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61373-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.10.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eul106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.63.3.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu401"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fclc.22725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.22725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/clc.22725","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.22725","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T09:32:31Z","timestamp":1694683951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.22725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.22725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.22725","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]}}}