{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T21:40:38Z","timestamp":1782250838101,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exercise prescription for patients with cardiovascular disease remains a challenge. The concept of exercising at an intensity equivalent to one's anaerobic threshold has been well studied and highly recommended in the fitness industry for other populations. For this concept to be applicable to patients with cardiovascular disease, the level and intensity of activity must not trigger myocardial ischemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that the heart rate at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (HR<jats:sub>VAT<\/jats:sub>) will not exceed heart rate at ischemic threshold (HR<jats:sub>IT<\/jats:sub>) (ie, HR<jats:sub>VAT<\/jats:sub> \u2264 HR<jats:sub>IT<\/jats:sub> in a majority [&gt;50%] of patients).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective pilot study, 19 patients, mean age at baseline of 45.0 \u00b1 15.6 years, who had positive cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing were included. Heart rate at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) was derived from a computer\u2010analyzed V\u2010slope method. The ischemic threshold (IT) was determined from electrocardiogram. The exercise test parameters at VAT in relation to IT were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate at VAT preceded heart rate at IT in 89.5% of patients. On average, achievement of VAT preceded IT relative to workload (119.5 \u00b1 49.6 vs 132.6 \u00b1 47.5; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), heart rate (121.2 \u00b1 15.9 vs 133.3 \u00b1 17.5; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), oxygen consumption (19.3 \u00b1 4.9 vs 20.8 \u00b1 3.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), and respiratory exchange ratio (0.96 \u00b1 0.10 vs 1.01 \u00b1 0.07; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater than 50% of patients met the criteria of HR<jats:sub>VAT<\/jats:sub> \u2264 HR<jats:sub>IT<\/jats:sub>; therefore, we propose that anaerobic threshold is a suitable target aerobic exercise heart rate for all patients with cardiovascular diseases indicated for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T18:32:46Z","timestamp":1499365966000},"page":"1008-1012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Determination of ideal target exercise heart rate for cardiac patients suitable for rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih Jia Janice","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Carson","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School  Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke\u2010National University of Singapore Medical School  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