{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:40:02Z","timestamp":1791297602296,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Medical Association Exploration Foundation"},{"name":"Chinese Sailing Foundation","award":["LHJJ201610713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHJJ201610713"]}]},{"name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital Support Foundation","award":["2016-FC-TSYS-1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-FC-TSYS-1001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adequate hydration remains the mainstay of contrast\u2010induced nephropathy prevention, and nitrates could reduce cardiac preload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the adequate hydration with nitrates for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) to reduce the risk of contrast\u2010induced nephropathy (CIN) and at the same time avoid the acute heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and ninty\u2010four consecutive patients with CKD and CHF undergoing coronary procedures were randomized to either adequate hydration with nitrates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 196) or to routine hydration (control group; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 198). The adequate hydration group received continuous intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate combined with intravenous infusion of isotonic saline at a rate of 1.5 mL\/kg\/h during perioperative period. The definition of CIN was a 25% or 0.5 mg\/dL rise in serum creatinine over baseline. This trial is registered with <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, number NCT02718521.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline characteristics were well\u2010matched between the two groups. CIN occurred less frequently in adequate hydration group than the control group (12.8% vs 21.2%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018). The incidence of acute heart failure did not differ between the two groups (8 [4.08%] vs 6[3.03%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.599). Cumulative major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, stoke, hospitalization for acute heart failure) during the 90\u2010day follow\u2010up were lower in the adequate hydration with nitrates group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adequate hydration with nitrates can safely and effectively reduce the risk of CIN in patients with CKD and CHF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T02:24:18Z","timestamp":1532744658000},"page":"21-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevention of contrast\u2010induced nephropathy by adequate hydration combined with isosorbide dinitrate for patients with renal insufficiency and congestive heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3238-5860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geng","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Fu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing 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