{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:33:55Z","timestamp":1790760835105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sauna bath has potential as a lifestyle treatment modality for heart failure (HF). It is important to analyze the current evidence to help suggest paths of future study and potential for clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sauna bath has a positive effect on HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies to compare effects of sauna bath with no sauna bath. Studies were searched for both infrared sauna bath and Finnish sauna bath. The strength of evidence was rated using a modified GRADE approach. Out of 1444 studies, nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Seven of these nine studies were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Only studies with infrared sauna bath met the inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the meta\u2010analysis, exposure to an infrared sauna bath in 60\u00b0C for 15\u2009minutes, followed by a 30\u2010minute rest in warm environment, five times a week for 2 to 4 weeks, was associated with a significant reduction in B\u2010type natriuretic peptide, cardiothoracic ratio, and an improvement in left\u2010ventricular ejection fraction. There was no significant effect on left\u2010ventricular end\u2010diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure. The strength of evidence varied from moderate to insufficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infrared sauna bath was associated with short\u2010term improvement in cardiac function. More evidence is needed about long\u2010term effects of sauna bath and the effects of a Finnish sauna on cardiovascular health among patients with HF or other cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T19:42:41Z","timestamp":1537558961000},"page":"1491-1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Miikka","family":"K\u00e4llstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Soveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Oldgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Laukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Central Finland Health Care District, Department of Internal Medicine University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Ichiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Cardiology International University of Health and Welfare  Rochester Minnesota"},{"name":"Cardiology International University of Health and Welfare  Narita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuwa","family":"Tei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waon Therapy Research Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Timmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine River Valley Clinic  Spring Green Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences\/Geriatrics Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-4183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"H\u00e4gglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820a55f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.83.5.596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenSCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [Updated March 2011]. 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