{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1791348592330,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and death. However, data about predictors of fitness improvement during CR are limited and conflicting. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of improvement in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) based on formal exercise testing throughout phase II CR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 20\u2009671 patients enrolled in phase II CR at our center from 2006 to 2016. Patients who completed 36 sessions and had entry and exit exercise stress tests were included for study. The short form\u201036 (SF\u201036) questionnaire was used to assess quality\u2010of\u2010life. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of METs improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the full cohort, 827 patients completed 36 sessions and had entry\/exit stress test data. The majority of patients (N\u2009=\u2009647, 78.2%) had improvement in METs (mean \u0394 2.0 \u00b1 1.2 METs), including patients \u226565 and\u2009&lt;\u200965\u2009years old (77% vs 79%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.46 for difference). METs improvement was negatively associated with body mass index, diabetes, left ventricular dysfunction, and poor baseline fitness; and positively associated with SF\u201036 score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 for all). After multivariable adjustment, improvement was no longer affected by age, ejection fraction, or baseline fitness. Patients with poor fitness (\u22645 METS) and adequate fitness (&gt; 5 METS) both had improvement, with no statistical difference between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a large cohort of phase II CR patients, improvement in CRF was seen in the majority of patients across all ages, genders, and levels of baseline fitness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T08:41:12Z","timestamp":1540284072000},"page":"1563-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness improvement in phase II cardiac rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abu\u2010Haniyeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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