{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:05:03Z","timestamp":1789034703258,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are some controversial reports related to the pro\u2010arrhythmic or anti\u2010arrhythmic potential of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and little is known about the relationship between ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and left ventricular (LV)\u2010lead threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upgrade CRT is anti\u2010arrhythmic effect of VA with implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator (ICD) patients and has a relationship with the incident of VA and LV\u2010lead threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 384 patients with the implantation of CRT\u2010defibrillator (CRT\u2010D), 102 patients underwent an upgrade from ICD to CRT\u2010D. We divided patients into three groups; anti\u2010arrhythmic effect after upgrade (n\u2009=\u200922), pro\u2010arrhythmic effect (n\u2009=\u200914), and unchanging\u2010VA events (n\u2009=\u200966). The VA event was determined by device reports. We described the electrocardiography parameters, LV\u2010lead characteristics, and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before upgrade, the numbers of VA were 305 episodes and the numbers of ICD therapy were 157 episodes. While after upgrade, the numbers of VA were 193 episodes and the number of ICD therapy were 74 episodes. Ventricular tachycardia cycle length (VT\u2010CL) after upgrade was significantly slower as compared to those with before upgrade. Pro\u2010arrhythmic group was significantly higher with delta LV\u2010lead threshold (after 1 month\u2014baseline) as compared to those with anti\u2010arrhythmic group (0.74 vs \u22120.21\u2009V). Furthermore, pro\u2010arrhythmic group was significantly bigger with delta VT\u2010CL (after 3 months\u2014before 3 months) as compared to those with anti\u2010arrhythmic group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We described upgrade\u2010CRT was associated with reduction of VA, ICD therapies and VT\u2010CL. While 14 patients had a pro\u2010arrhythmic effect and LV lead threshold might be associated with VA\u2010incidents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T18:31:08Z","timestamp":1557167468000},"page":"670-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association left ventricular lead and ventricular arrhythmias after upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuharu","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo 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