{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T04:22:05Z","timestamp":1776572525418,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010724","name":"Health Systems Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["59\u2010053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59\u2010053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether anemia is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and major bleeding in patients with non\u2010valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anemia in patients with NVAF increase risk of clinical complications related to atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective multicenter registry of patients with NVAF in Thailand. Demographic data, medical history, comorbid conditions, laboratory data, and medications were collected and recorded, and patients were followed\u2010up every 6 months. The outcome measurements were ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, heart failure (HF), and death. All events were adjudicated by the study team. We analyzed whether anemia is a risk factor for clinical outcomes with and without adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were a total of 1562 patients. The average age of subjects was 68.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5\u2009years, and 57.7% were male. The mean hemoglobin level was 13.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 g\/dL. Anemia was demonstrated in 518 (33.16%) patients. The average follow\u2010up duration was 25.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5 months. The rate of ischemic stroke\/TIA, major bleeding, HF, and death was 2.9%, 4.9%, 1.8%, 8.6%, and 9.2%, respectively. Anemia significantly increased the risk of these outcomes with a hazard ratio of 2.2, 3.2, 2.9, 1.9, and 2.8, respectively. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) was prescribed in 74.8%; warfarin accounts for 89.9% of OAC. After adjusting for potential confounders, anemia remained a significant predictor of major bleeding, heart failure, and death, but not for ischemic stroke\/TIA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anemia was found to be an independent risk factor for major bleeding, heart failure, and death in patients with NVAF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T17:34:34Z","timestamp":1612632874000},"page":"415-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Impact of anemia on clinical outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation: The <scp>COOL\u2010AF<\/scp> registry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rungroj","family":"Krittayaphong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satchana","family":"Pumprueg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomon","family":"Thongsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Buddhachinaraj Hospital  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weerapan","family":"Wiwatworapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Maharat Nakorn Ratchasima Hospital  Nakorn Ratchasima Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaworn","family":"Choochunklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Cardiology Surin Hospital  Surin Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pontawee","family":"Kaewkumdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahthit","family":"Yindeengam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the COOL\u2010AF Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Prevalence and possible causes of anemia in the elderly: a cross\u2010sectional analysis of a large European university hospital cohort","volume":"9","author":"Bach V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0911-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. 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