{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:03:30Z","timestamp":1785017010055,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and heart rate reserve (HRR) are independent prognostic markers of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and HRR on long\u2010term prognosis after off\u2010pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP\u2010CABG) remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prognostic impact of peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and HRR in patients after OP\u2010CABG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 327 patients (mean age, 65.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3\u2009years; male, 80%) who underwent OP\u2010CABG and participated in early phase II cardiac rehabilitation. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at the beginning of such rehabilitation. Overall, 48 (14.6%) patients died during the median follow\u2010up period of 103\u2009months. The non\u2010survivor had significantly lower levels of peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (10.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 vs. 13.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 ml\/kg\/min, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and HRR (24.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 vs. 32.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 beats\/min, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) than the survivor. In both groups, peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> significantly correlated with HRR (p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Moreover, patients were divided into four groups according to the peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and HRR levels for predicting total mortality. The low\u2010peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/low\u2010HRR group had a significantly higher mortality risk than the other groups (hazards ratio, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.59\u201312.16; p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). After adjusted the confounding factors, peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and HRR were independently associated with total mortality (both p\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HRR is a simple parameter of CPET and an important prognostic marker for the risk stratification of total mortality even in patients with low\u2010peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> after OP\u2010CABG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T05:20:20Z","timestamp":1614316820000},"page":"580-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prognostic impact of peak oxygen uptake and heart rate reserve in patients after off\u2010pump coronary artery bypass grafting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8504-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abidan","family":"Abulimiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Sportology Center Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Nishitani\u2010Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and Fitness Juntendo University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate 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