{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:41:59Z","timestamp":1775886119928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest occur more likely in HIV patients than healthy subjects. Thus, we need to examine dysrhythmias adverse effects of medications including Efavirenz as early as possible especially in young subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efavirenz might have contributed to increased risk of developing common types of dysrhythmia in young HIV infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study among 62 patients on Efavirenz and 38 controls. All participants were under 40\u2009years old without cardiovascular disease. Total significant dysrhythmia in 24\u2010hour ECG monitoring was the primary endpoint determined as the composite of high premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (&gt;500 <jats:italic>beats per<\/jats:italic> 24\u2009hours), high premature atrial contraction (PAC) (&gt;500 <jats:bold>bp24h<\/jats:bold>), sinus pause, atrioventricular blocks, ventricular tachycardia, prolonged QTc, and low heart rate variability (HRV). Modified composite dysrhythmia consisted of low HRV (SD of normal\u2010to\u2010normal [SDNN]), high PVC and prolonged QT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean heart rate, Efavirenz regimen, male gender, and CD4 count predicted total dysrhythmia. Odds ratios were 1.108, 2.90, 4.36, and 0.96, respectively. The incidence of total dysrhythmia, high PVC, high PAC, low HRV(SDNN), and prolonged QTc were 54.8%, 41.85%, 9.71%, 45.2%, and 12.9% in patients on Efavirenz against 42.11%, 31.64%, 0%, 34.2%, and 7.91% in controls, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values: .031, .001, &lt;.0001, .063, and .043 respectively). Modified composite dysrhythmia was also more frequent in Efavirenz group than that of control group (69.42% vs. 52.60%, respectively <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that patients with Efavirenz had higher prevalence of frequent PVC, frequent PAC, total significant dysrhythmia, Low HRV and prolonged QTc than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T11:16:09Z","timestamp":1627643769000},"page":"1448-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between exposure to Efavirenz and substrates of dysrhythmia in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected young adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Mollazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed\u2010Ali","family":"Dehghan\u2010Manshadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical diseases HIV\u2010AIDS Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Mohebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed\u2010Ali","family":"Sadre\u2010Bafghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Hill\u2010Rom (Mortara) Sale and Technical Expert Iranbehdasht Co  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Ghodsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Ending AIDS: Progress towards the 90\u201390\u201090 Targets. 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