{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:04:12Z","timestamp":1780477452537,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in very small vessel lesions represent an intriguing aspect of coronary artery disease (CAD). Uncertainty still exists in stent implantation in very small caliber vessels. This study aimed to evaluate the long\u2010term outcomes of patients treated with 2.0\u2010mm drug\u2010eluting stent (DES).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 134 patients undergoing PCI with 2.0\u2010mm zotarolimus DES from December 2016 to May 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 2\u2010year follow\u2010up, which was composed of all\u2010cause mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, and ischemia\u2010driven target lesion revascularization. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of MACE, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lesions were diffuse (mean length 20.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.51\u2009mm) and belong to type B2\/C lesions (90.3%). On follow\u2010up, the MACE rate was 20.1% and mostly driven by late lumen loss demanding revascularization (11.9%). In multivariable analysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD)\u00a0(OR: 4.291, 95% CI: 1.574\u221211.704, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and calcified lesions (OR: 3.688, 95% CI: 1.311\u221210.371, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) were the independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events, whereas statin was associated with better outcomes (OR: 0.335, 95% CI: 0.119\u22120.949, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>2.0\u2010mm DES is a feasible option for treating very small vessel CAD in complex lesions. Patients with CKD and calcified lesions carry the hazard of worse outcomes, and careful consideration should be taken before stenting in this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T06:59:32Z","timestamp":1677221972000},"page":"431-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long\u2010term outcomes after stent implantation in very small vessel coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"En\u2010Shao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medical Center Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse\u2010Hsuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medical Center Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u2010Hsin","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Hung","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medical Center Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin\u2010Chang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medical Center Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang\u2010Yuan","family":"Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Yu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medical Center Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care Tajen University Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01575-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV12I10A200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2020.0127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.4.1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823ba622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.12.1285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.972802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01183-4"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary interventions for the treatment of stenoses in small coronary arteries: a network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"9","author":"Siontis GC","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Treatment of very small de novo coronary artery disease with 2.0 mm drug\u2010coated balloons showed 1\u2010Year clinical outcome comparable with 2.0 mm drug\u2010eluting stents","volume":"30","author":"Sim HwFau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"E565","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention for very small vessels with the use of a newer\u2010generation 2.0 mm drug\u2010eluting stent","volume":"33","author":"Jen HlFau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01745-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000069165.79509.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Stable coronary syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnostic advances and therapeutic need","volume":"104","author":"Ford TJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Kidney function modifies the selection of treatment strategies and long\u2010term survival in stable ischaemic heart disease: insights from the alberta provincial project for outcomes assessment in coronary heart disease (APPROACH) registry","volume":"4","author":"Shavadia JS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Comparison of different timing of multivessel intervention during index\u2010hospitalization for patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Liu E\u2010S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00910-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0602.103586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.760926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2313"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.24000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/clc.24000","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.24000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T19:37:28Z","timestamp":1692473848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.24000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.24000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.24000","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}