{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:24:16Z","timestamp":1790738656207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social determinants of health (SDH) reflecting social deprivation have been developed for population health management. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of SDH and its associations with prevalent hypertension in women compared with men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 49\u2009791 participants aged over 20 years from the 1999\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, were included. Information on the SDH, including race\/ethnicity, education level, family income, housing, marriage status, employment, were collected. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) for each adverse SDH with prevalent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension by using Cox regression with equal times of follow\u2010up assigned to all individuals with adjustment for age, diabetes, taking lipid\u2010lowering medication, and health behaviors. The population\u2010attributable fractions (PAF) of the SDH were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A lower proportion of low education attainment was observed in women than men (women: 16.8% vs. men: 17.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003), but women had higher proportions of low family income (15.3% vs. 12.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), unmarried state (47.3% vs. 40.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and unemployment (22.7% vs. 10.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). All the SDH was significantly associated with hypertension in women. There were significant dose\u2013response associations between the numbers of adverse SDH with hypertension. The total PAF of SDH for prevalent hypertension was greater in women (22.2%) than in men (13.9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The widely influential SDH is associated with prevalent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension. To improve hypertension management, health resources should prioritize socioeconomically disadvantaged groups considering gender differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T04:42:19Z","timestamp":1689050539000},"page":"958-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Social determinants of health and hypertension in women compared with men in the United States: An analysis of the NHANES study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine North China University of Science 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