{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T11:59:29Z","timestamp":1753271969059,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether long\u2010term heavy alcohol use leads to early cardiac function decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term heavy alcohol use developed reduced cardiac function in subclinical status by analyzing myocardial work (MW). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and serum biomarkers contribute to identify potential factors sensitive in predicting early cardiac function decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 31 asymptomatic participants with heavy alcohol use and 33 age and sex\u2010matching nondrinking individuals. Participants underwent echocardiography, MW analysis, EAT volume measurement, serum biochemical examinations, and body composition assessment. We used multivariate linear regression to identify correlation between MW and total cholesterol (TC), EAT volume, and placental growth factor (PlGF). To determine global work efficiency (GWE) below the normal reference value of 96%, we developed receiver operating curves with area under curve (AUC) to compare different combinations of TC, EAT volume, and PlGF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 64 participants were male. GWE was reduced in the alcohol use group compared with the control group (96, interquartile range [IQR]\u2009=\u2009[95\u201397.75] vs. 97, IQR\u2009=\u2009[97\u201398], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). TC was positively associated with GWE (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.434, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20090.228 to 1.328, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), whereas EAT volume (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.398, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.000446 to \u22120.000093, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005) and PlGF (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.493, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22121.010 to \u22120.230, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004) were inversely associated with GWE. The most significant AUC for reduced GWE was TC\u2009+\u2009EAT volume (0.851, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.671 to 1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asymptomatic heavy alcohol use has shown early reduced cardiac function which can be associated with altered fat metabolism, suggesting individuals with alcohol use and abnormal fat metabolism need to be alert to heart damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T17:44:44Z","timestamp":1694713484000},"page":"1554-1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reduced myocardial work in asymptomatic heavy alcohol use and its correlation with epicardial adipose tissue volume and serum biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Canran","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xihai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4898-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00093-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"WhOGlobal status report on alcohol and health 2011.2011:1\u2010298."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health UDoHaHS National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 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