{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:29:07Z","timestamp":1756996147631},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11387,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade (A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and retrograde (V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) conduction curves suggesting dual A\u2010V nodal pathways in both directions. Atrial echoes occurred with premature atrial pacing only at short A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> coupling intervals after long antegrade (A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and retrograde (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>) conduction intervals. Premature ventricular stimulation revealed ventricular echoes simultaneously with a sudden increase in the V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> interval. The echo zone coincided with the slow pathway curve. Following atropine the echo zone was extended over the slow and fast pathway curves. Slow pathway conduction was observed at long and short V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> coupling intervals, fast pathway conduction at intermediate V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> coupling intervals. Following isoproterenol premature ventricular stimulation initiated two cycles of ventricular echoes with relatively long retrograde (V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, V<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>) and short antegrade (A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010H<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\u2010H<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>) conduction times, the earliest atrial activation being observed in the low right atrium before the left atrium and the high right atrium.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Antegrade fast and slow pathway as well as retrograde fast pathway conduction appeared to be confined to the A\u2010V node. Retrograde slow pathway conduction may progress through a slow or fast A\u2010V nodal pathway slowed by antegrade concealed conduction. However, an accessory pathway with long conduction times located near the septum cannot be ruled out entirely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960040207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T15:55:44Z","timestamp":1336146944000},"page":"98-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Demonstration of multiple antegrade and retrograde atrioventricular pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Gmeiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. K.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(75)80043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"170","volume-title":"In Re\u2010Entrant Arrhythmias: Mechanisms and Treatment","author":"Coumel P","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.3.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90175-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"The permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia: Further elucidation of the underlying mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Gallagher JJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.39.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90935-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90151-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.50.4.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90856-1"}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fclc.4960040207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.4960040207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1699333252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.4960040207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.4960040207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.4960040207","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]}}}