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Clinical correlations may be summarized as follows: (1) age: a progressive stiffening on aging due to structural changes up to the seventh decade; (2) sex: a lower degree of stiffness in women until menopause, after which they show an accelerated stiffening, catching up with men by the seventh decade; (3) atherosclerosis: a dissociation between degree of stiffness and extent of atherosclerosis, with a suggestion that in advanced atherosclerosis the extensive calcification may lead to increased stiffness; (4) coronary disease: an inconsistent correlation by pulse wave velocity studies, but a strongly positive correlation by angiographic study of the aortic root; (5) diabetes mellitus: a significant correlation by pulse wave velocity study, particularly in the presence of advanced peripheral vascular disease; (6) hypertension (both essential and elderly patients with systolic): positive correlation but only referable to the stiffening effect of a higher mean arterial pressure (i. e., unrelated to structural changes), although an experimental study did show a loss of compliance unrelated to the mean arterial pressure level in baboons with chronic renovascular hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960130504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T21:43:56Z","timestamp":1233783836000},"page":"317-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Aortic and large artery stiffness: Current methodology and clinical correlations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"R. 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