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Heart rate was significantly reduced during rest and at maximal exercise (p &lt; 0.05) during combined treatment compared with treatment with any single drug. No significant changes in maximal work load, exercise time, systolic blood pressure at maximal work load, or subjective sensation of well\u2010being could be demonstrated during combined drug treatment. The RR distribution pattern was unaffected by the addition of propranolol, diltiazem, or their combination to the chronic digoxin treatment. It is concluded that the combination of diltiazem and propranolol has no advantages over any of these drugs singly, in the moderation of heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation even combined with basic digitalis treatment, and that the intrinsic AV nodal function is unaffected by these drugs or their combination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960150411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T12:12:05Z","timestamp":1233749525000},"page":"280-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of diltiazem, propranolol, and their combination in the control of atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C.G.","family":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bertil Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Edvardsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Nasheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.3.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90456-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90573-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6461.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(82)80022-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061776","article-title":"Effects of intravenous diltiazem administration in patients with inducible tachycardia","volume":"6","author":"Waleffe A","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80396-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.71.5.592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.3.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"569","article-title":"Is atrial fibrillation propensity linked to intrinsic nodal function?","volume":"4","author":"Olsson SB","year":"1988","journal-title":"New Trends Arrhythmia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.2.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90610-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/9.7.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062497","article-title":"A comparison of digoxin, diltiazem and their combination in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Lewis RW","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","volume-title":"The Atrium in Health and Disease.","author":"Olsson SB","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"PedersenK ShiwenY OlssonSB:The effect of quinidine on distribution of RR intervals during atrial fibrillation. 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