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As a result, current therapy frequently does not prevent or reverse the cardiovascular remodeling that often occurs when blood pressure is chronically elevated. Blockade of the renin\u2010angiotensin system (RAS) is effective in controlling hypertension and treating congestive heart failure. Both angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) inhibit the activity of the RAS, but these two classes of antihypertensive medications have different mechanisms of action and different pharmacologic profiles. Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors block a single pathway in the production of angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, angiotensin I is not the only substrate for ACE. The ACE inhibitors also block the degradation of bradykinin that may have potential benefits in cardiovascular disease. Bradykinin is, however, the presumed cause of cough associated with ACE inhibitor therapy. Data from clinical trials on ACE inhibitors serve to support the involvement of the RAS in the development of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin receptor blockers act distally in the RAS to block the Ang II type 1 (AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) receptor selectively. Thus, ARBs are more specific agents and avoid many side effects. Experimental and clinical trials have documented the efficacy of ARBs in preserving target\u2010organ function and reversing cardiovascular remodeling. In some instances, maximal benefit may be obtained with Ang II blockade using <jats:italic>both<\/jats:italic> ARBs and ACE inhibitors. This review describes clinical trials that document the efficacy of ARBs in protecting the myocardium, blood vessels, and renal vasculature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960240303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T23:29:29Z","timestamp":1233703769000},"page":"183-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Angiotensin receptor blockers: Evidence for preserving target organs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Higginbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Hollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kannel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmy M.","family":"Siragy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"1999 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update.","author":"American Heart Association","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440420033005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Factors associated with noncompliance of patients taking antihypertensive medications","volume":"30","author":"Shaw E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hospital Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"13C","article-title":"Intermittent blood pressure control: Potential consequences for outcome","volume":"15","author":"Leenen FH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810293391804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74498-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(99)00023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.19022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.06822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199002000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2174\/138161280406221011112056","article-title":"Chymase: Its pathophysiological roles and inhibitors","volume":"4","author":"Fukami H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Angiotensin I converting enzyme and chymase in cardiovascular tissues","volume":"55","author":"Nishimura H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Intern Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.3.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"1999 World Health Organization\u2010International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Guidelines Subcommittee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5022-4_37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"394","volume-title":"Heart Disease. 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