{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:47:56Z","timestamp":1762505276344},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,5]],"date-time":"2006-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":703,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Autonomic dysfunction and reduced exercise tolerance are typical features of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Baro\u2010chemoreflex balance and organ response may have a common role in conditioning exercise tolerance, ventilation, and chronotropic competence in patients with CHF.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Hypothesis<\/jats:italic>: We tested the hypothesis that there is a relationship between functional capacity and chronotropic competence to exercise in CHF.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: In all, 48 stable outpatients with CHF (age 65 \u00b1 10 years, 41 men, NYHA class 2.1 \u00b1 0, ejection fraction 31 \u00b1 7%, peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 16 \u00b1 4 ml\/kg\/min) performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). Heart rate (HR) response to exercise was assessed by the chronotropic index (CRI). The CRI was calculated by the following formula: CRI = peak HR \u2010 rest HR\/220 \u2010 age \u2010 rest HR \u00d7 100 (normal value &gt; 80%). The relationship of CRI to peak oxygen consumption (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and ventilation\/carbon dioxide production (VE\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) ratio was examined. A group of 33 healthy controls underwent CPX as well.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: The CRI correlated directly with peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (r = 0.638, p&lt;0.001) and inversely with VE\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (r = \u22120.492, p &lt; 0.001) in patients with CHF. A CRI&lt; 78% identified patients with CHF and a peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &lt; 20 ml\/kg\/min, area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC): 0.76,95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60\u20130.92. A CRI&lt; 74% predicted exercise hyperventilation in CHF (AUROC: 0.71 for VE\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &gt;30, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.88). The CRI was not significantly related either to peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or to VE\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the control group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: In patients with mild to moderate CHF, CRI correlates with functional capacity. This relationship adds new data on pathophysiologic grounds and supports the routine incorporation of CRI into CPX interpretation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960280107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T05:19:23Z","timestamp":1183007963000},"page":"25-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Heart rate response to graded exercise correlates with aerobic and ventilatory capacity in patients with heart 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