{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:20:16Z","timestamp":1773487216119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients on nonvitamin K antagonist (NVKA) are usually taking other drugs. Potential interaction may increase the gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk associated with NVKA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational cohort study using Medicare data from 2017 to 2020. Participants receiving a NVKA were included. A concomitant overlapping period while on NVKA was assessed for nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), antiplatelets, glucocorticoids, aspirin and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). A logistic regression predicting either any bleeding or GI bleeding was conducted estimating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 102\u2009531 people on NVKA with mean age 77 years (SD\u2009=\u20099.8) and 55% females (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956\u2009671) were included. Previous history of GI bleeding occurred in 2\u2009908 (2.8%) participants, concomitant exposure to PPI occurred in 38\u2009713 (38%), SSRI in 16\u2009487 (16%), clopidogrel in 15\u2009795 (15.4%), NSAIDs in 13\u2009715 (13.4%) and glucocorticoids in 13\u2009715 (13.4%). Risk for any bleeding was shown for clopidogrel (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.44), prasugrel\/ticagrelor (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.58), glucocorticoids (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.34), and SSRIs (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19). GI bleeding risk was shown for clopidogrel (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.55), prasugrel\/ticagrelor (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.79), SSRIs (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and glucocorticoids (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.44). PPI use was correlated with both NSAID (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001) and SSRI use (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NVKA concomitantly taken with antiplatelets, glucocorticoids, and SSRIs showed an increased risk for any bleeding and GI bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T11:23:37Z","timestamp":1727954617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nonvitamin K Anticoagulants: Risk of Bleeding When Interacting With Other Medications: A Cohort Study From 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