{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:44:16Z","timestamp":1753868656044,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010724","name":"Health Systems Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific risk predictor scores of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) risk in Asian subjects are lacking. We determined the incidence rate and predictors of ICH in patients with non\u2010valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective nationwide registry of patients with AF was conducted from 27 hospitals in Thailand. The adjudicated primary outcome was the development of ICH during follow\u2010up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify the independent predictors for ICH. A predictive model for ICH risk was developed and validated by bootstrap, calibration plot, C\u2010statistics, and decision curve analysis using our own data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied a total of 3405 patients (mean age 67.8 years; 58.2% male) with an average follow\u2010up duration of 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7 months, during which ICH developed in 70 patients (2.06%). The incidence rate of ICH was 0.78 (0.61\u22120.98) per 100 person\u2010years. Predictors of ICH were chosen from the theory\u2010driven approaches in combination with the results of the univariable analysis. The predictive risk model had a c\u2010index of 0.717 (0.702\u22120.732) with good calibration, internal validation, and clinical usefulness using decision curve analysis. The probability of ICH at 3 years for an individual patient derived from the prediction model was compared with the probability derived from HAS\u2010BLED score by using the C\u2010statistics. The ICH probability from the COOL\u2010AF model was superior to the HAS\u2010BLED score in the prediction of ICH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence rate of ICH was 0.78 (0.61\u22120.98) per 100 person\u2010years. Predictors of ICH were older age, male sex, nonsmoking, renal replacement therapy, and use of oral anticoagulants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T07:19:11Z","timestamp":1733987951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence Rate and Predictors of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report From the Nationwide COOL\u2010AF Registry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rungroj","family":"Krittayaphong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasem","family":"Ratanasumawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Police General Hospital Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komsing","family":"Methavigul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Central Chest Institute of Thailand Nonthaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaiyasith","family":"Wongvipaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Srinakarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. 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