{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:05:59Z","timestamp":1792371959975,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations worldwide. HF can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and co\u2010occurrence of HF and PH is associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aim to estimate the prevalence of PH in patients with HF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies reporting the prevalence of PH amongst HF patients. A meta\u2010analysis of PH prevalence, including subgroup analyses, was conducted using a random\u2010effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta\u2010regressions by comorbidities and patient characteristics were done. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010four papers with 259\u2009665 HF patients were included, of which 46\u2009004 also had PH. The overall PH prevalence estimate in individuals with HF is 46.6% (95% CI: 39.6%\u201353.7%). Prevalence varied by diagnostic method, with studies using right heart catheterization reporting the highest estimates (62.5%; 52.0%\u201372.0%), hospital recorded data the lowest (18.4%; 14.4%\u201323.3%), and echocardiography 45.7% (37.1%\u201354.6%). Prevalence was higher in HF with preserved (47.2%; 34.8%\u201360.0%) than reduced ejection fraction (35.7%; 22.6%\u201351.3%). Prospective studies show higher estimates (60.1%; 50.7%\u201368.8%) than retrospective studies (37.3%; 29.5%\u201345.9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first systematic review and meta\u2010analysis investigating the prevalence of PH in HF patients and shows that the prevalence of PH in this patient population is strikingly high. There is notable variability in estimates reported by different studies, largely attributed to differences in the diagnostic method of PH. Future studies with robust, standardized methodologies are needed to estimate prevalence more accurately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1756471278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Maaedah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Suribhatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jak","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Pitcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Centre John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Kartsonaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-301992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30268-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"\u201cMortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the Modern Era: Early Insights From the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry \u201d PMC [Internet] November 20 2023 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9238604\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Oldroyd S. 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