{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:38:21Z","timestamp":1786977501962,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nicotine use is a major modifiable risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), yet national mortality patterns involving co\u2010listed nicotine dependence remain under\u2010characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death data from 1999 to 2020, we evaluated AMI\u2010related mortality among US adults aged \u2265\u200925 years with co\u2010listed death\u2010certificate\u2010coded nicotine dependence, operationally defined using ICD\u201010 F17.0\u2013F17.9. AMI was identified using ICD\u201010 I21.0\u2013I22.9. Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100\u2009000 population were calculated using the 2000 US standard population. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression and stratified by sex, age, race\/ethnicity, region, urbanization, state, and place of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 1999 to 2020, 357\u2009167 AMI\u2010related deaths with co\u2010listed nicotine dependence occurred among adults aged \u2265\u200925 years. The AAMR increased from 1.64 to 9.46 per 100\u2009000 population (average annual percent change, 10.27%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Men had higher AAMRs than women (11.30 vs. 4.27), with significant increases in both groups. Mortality increased with age, highest among adults aged \u2265\u200985 years (33.55) and lowest among those aged 35\u201344 years (0.83). Non\u2010Hispanic American Indian\/Alaska Native adults had the highest AAMR (10.30). Rates were higher in the Midwest and South, nonmetropolitan areas exceeded metropolitan areas, and the highest state\u2010level AAMRs occurred in North Dakota and Wyoming. Most deaths occurred in inpatient facilities or at home.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AMI\u2010related mortality with co\u2010listed nicotine dependence increased substantially from 1999 to 2020, with persistent demographic and geographic disparities. These findings may inform targeted tobacco\u2010control, nicotine\u2010cessation, and cardiovascular prevention strategies for high\u2010risk populations over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:13:10Z","timestamp":1782213190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction\u2010Related Mortality With Co\u2010Listed Nicotine Dependence in the United States, 1999\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4664-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad Ali Ahmed","family":"Cheema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, International School of Medicine International University Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1248-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Huraira Bin","family":"Gulzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishal","family":"Zehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha Ahmed","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Al Tibri Medical College Karachi Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7042-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Mohammad Saud","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Islam Medical College Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimra","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Arnot Ogden Medical Center Elmira New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1262-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza Ammar","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Rahbar Medical &amp; Dental College Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4115-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinza","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Bakhtawar Amin Medical &amp; Dental College Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6993-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iffat Ambreen","family":"Magsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) \u201cWHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2021: Addressing New and Emerging Products \u201d2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Addiction Center \u201cStatistics on Nicotine Addiction and Abuse [Internet] \u201d 2025 https:\/\/www.addictioncenter.com\/addiction\/addiction-statistics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking\u2010Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US)","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00079-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2003.8.Sup6.12554"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-206458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.038012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \u201cMultiple Cause of Death Data on CDC WONDER [Internet] \u201d 2025 https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mcd.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics [Internet] \u201cAbout the National Center for Health Statistics 2025 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00346-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.18788"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00924-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8081670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6527820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.19602"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.03.005"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70432","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000}}],"container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.70392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/clc.70392","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/clc.70392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T10:48:15Z","timestamp":1783162095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/clc.70392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/clc.70392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.70392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-9289","1932-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-9289","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70392"}}