{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:01:32Z","timestamp":1785175292866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) carries high morbidity and mortality. However, evidence for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in non\u2010ischemic CS remains limited, as prior trials have focused on infarct\u2010related shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cross\u2010sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2017\u20132019), identifying hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of CS and excluding acute myocardial infarction. Patients were categorized into mutually exclusive groups: no MCS, intra\u2010aortic balloon pump (IABP) only, Impella only, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) only. Primary outcomes were in\u2010hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital cost. Survey\u2010weighted multivariable models adjusted for demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidity burden using Elixhauser and Charlson indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 104\u2009045 hospitalizations, 6040 received MCS. IABP was most common, followed by Impella and ECMO. Among patients receiving a single MCS strategy, overall in\u2010hospital mortality was 29.5%., with lower mortality in the IABP group (19.9%) compared with Impella (37.4%) and ECMO (44.3%). After adjustment, IABP was associated with lower observed in\u2010hospital mortality versus no MCS (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.64;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas Impella and ECMO showed increased aOR. IABP and ECMO were associated with longer LOS, while Impella was not. All MCS strategies were associated with higher costs, with ECMO showing the greatest increase (cost ratio 3.30, 95% CI 3.12\u20133.50).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In non\u2010ischemic CS, MCS strategies demonstrate distinct profiles of mortality and resource utilization. IABP was associated with lower observed in\u2010hospital mortality, whereas all MCS were linked to higher costs, highlighting heterogeneity in outcomes and the need for further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:15:29Z","timestamp":1784794529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Mechanical Circulatory Support With In\u2010Hospital Outcomes in Non\u2010Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock: A Nationwide Inpatient Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8471-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second People's Hospital of Hefei Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 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