{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T11:41:01Z","timestamp":1792237261711,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperkalemia is a potentially life\u2010threatening electrolyte disturbance, particularly in older adults with comorbidities. Hyperkalemia can trigger fatal arrhythmias and contribute to sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, national trends in hyperkalemia\u2010related SCD remain poorly defined, especially in the aging US population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis using CDC WONDER mortality data from 1999 to 2020. Deaths were identified using ICD\u201010 codes for SCD (I46.1, I46.9) as the underlying cause and hyperkalemia (E87.5) as a contributing cause. Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated using the 2000 US standard population. Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends and estimate annual percentage changes (APCs). Analyses were stratified by sex, age, race\/ethnicity, region, urbanization, and state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 1999 and 2020, 36\u2009607 hyperkalemia\u2010related SCD deaths were recorded. The national AAMR more than doubled, from 0.65 to 1.32 per 100\u2009000. Mortality was stable from 1999 to 2009 (APC \u20131.09%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0566) but rose significantly from 2010 to 2020 (APC +5.02%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Males, Black individuals, and residents of the South and Midwest had the highest AAMRs and steepest increases. Rural areas consistently showed higher mortality than urban ones. Though most deaths occurred in older adults, significant increases were observed in younger adults (25\u201344 years) in the last decade. Nevada, Rhode Island, and California had the highest state\u2010level rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperkalemia\u2010related SCD mortality has risen substantially, with marked disparities by sex, race, geography, and age. These trends underscore the need for improved potassium monitoring, risk stratification, and equitable healthcare access to reduce preventable deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:59:22Z","timestamp":1791291562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in Hyperkalemia\u2010Related Sudden Cardiac Death Among Older Adults in the United States, 1999\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3331-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Nagmeldin","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Khartoum Faculty of Medicine Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Neelain University Faculty of Medicine Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddig","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Karary University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhsin","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagmeldin","family":"Abuassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Khartoum Faculty of Medicine Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00121.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.8.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07821109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2000.7344"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02420-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","unstructured":"\u201cMultiple Cause of Death 1999\u20132019 on CDC WONDER Online Database Released in 2020. 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