{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:32:32Z","timestamp":1793194352003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Iran, but evidence is dispersed across model\u2010based estimates, population studies, registries, hospital surveillance, and death\u2010registration data. We synthesized national and subnational evidence on IHD burden in Iran from 1990 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched through August 15, 2026, supplemented by Google Scholar and citation searching. Eligible studies reported incidence, prevalence, mortality, hospitalization, case fatality, post\u2010myocardial infarction survival, or burden\u2010of\u2010disease measures. Model\u2010based and empirical evidence were synthesized separately, overlapping data sources were mapped, and findings were narratively synthesized because of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010two reports representing 35 evidence\u2010source families were included. Within GBD 2019, age\u2010standardized IHD mortality declined from 285.7 to 163.6 per 100\u2009000 between 1990 and 2019, incidence from 898.3 to 829.1, and prevalence from 6250.6 to 6198.5 per 100\u2009000, while incident cases increased from 218\u2009181 to 593\u2009001. Successive GBD vintages also showed declining age\u2010standardized mortality but were not directly comparable because of modeling differences. Empirical studies generally showed higher coronary event rates in men, while Isfahan surveillance and the Iranian MI Registry indicated higher short\u2010term post\u2010MI case fatality among women. Burden increased with age, provincial variation was substantial, and urban\u2010rural patterns were inconsistent. Hospital surveillance suggested improving short\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Successive GBD analyses estimated substantial declines in age\u2010standardized IHD mortality, while absolute burden remained large and differences persisted by age, sex, geography, and data source. Stronger prevention and geographically representative surveillance are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:15:52Z","timestamp":1791378952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["National and Subnational Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Burden in Iran, 1990\u20132023: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6800-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Rabiee Rad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 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