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The epithelial barrier plays important roles in the pathogenesis of NPs and type\u20102 inflammation. Particular matter 2.5 (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) are fine particles with a diameter less than 2.5\u00a0\u03bcm, containing a mixture of different components. Here, we investigated the impact of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> on the barrier function of the eos\u2010CRSwNP epithelium and explored the reparative function of budesonide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples from noninflammatory nasal mucosa and eos\u2010CRSwNP were collected to establish an in vitro air\u2013liquid interface cultured model. The cells were exposed to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> at 50 or 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml intermittently for 72\u00a0h, with or without budesonide pretreatment. Barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression were reflected by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER), paracellular flux permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate\u2010labeled 4\u2010kDa dextran, quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining of TJ proteins. Cytokine expression was measured by qPCR and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay or Luminex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> increased paracellular flux and downregulated TJ protein expression (zona occuldens\u20101, occludin, and claudin\u20101), but did not change TER. These changes could be partially restored by budesonide treatment. Interleukin (IL)\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)\u20101 concentrations were significantly increased in the culture medium of cells exposed to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, and budesonide significantly reduced the changes in IL\u20108, IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and TIMP\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> impaired the barrier function of eos\u2010CRSwNP epithelial cells and increased the permeability of large molecules. PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> also increased the secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines by nasal epithelial cells. Budesonide could partially repair the damage, suggesting potential applications in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1625336762000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Budesonide repairs decreased barrier integrity of eosinophilic nasal polyp epithelial cells caused by PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5075-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4153-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0910-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"ChanDM. 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