{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:11:20Z","timestamp":1790251880588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational All"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Astigmatic mites contain potent allergens that can trigger IgE\u2010mediated immune responses, leading to allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In house dust mites <jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dermatophagoides farinae<\/jats:italic>, group 1 allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1), characterized as papain\u2010like cysteine proteases, have been defined as the major allergens that have high prevalence and potency. Previous studies of mite group 1 allergens mainly focused on identification, comparison of sequence and structure, as well as the investigation of cross\u2010reactivity. To achieve a comprehensive view of mite group 1 allergens, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of all the cysteine proteases in six astigmatic mite species to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of group 1 allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the high\u2010quality and annotated genomes, all the cysteine proteases in six astigmatic mite species were identified by sequence homology search. The phylogenetic relationships, gene synteny and expression levels were revealed by bioinformatic tools. The allergenicity of recombinant cysteine proteases was evaluated by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tandem duplication was revealed as the major feature of cysteine protease gene evolution in astigmatic mites. The high IgE\u2010binding capacity and the significant expression level of the cysteine protease DP_007902.01 suggested its potential as a novel group 1 allergen of <jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>. In addition, gene decay events were identified in the skin\u2010burrowing parasitic mite <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This comprehensive analysis provided insights into the evolution of cysteine proteases, as well as the component\u2010resolved diagnosis of mite allergies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T16:02:05Z","timestamp":1702656125000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative analysis of cysteine proteases reveals gene family evolution of the group 1 allergens in astigmatic mites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 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