{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:38:24Z","timestamp":1786977504992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Translational All"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple routes of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are approved for several IgE\u2010mediated allergic diseases; however, the use of AIT in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) remains controversial and is supported by limited evidence. This review, conducted within the frame of an EAACI Task Force, aims to systematically evaluate the use of AIT as a potential treatment for EoE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The protocol was registered and prepared in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted across three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and included studies published through January 31\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 2025. Risk of Bias was assessed for each eligible study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four articles met the inclusion criteria. Three articles evaluated EPIT for milk\u2010induced EoE in pediatric patients, all from the SMILEE (Study of Efficacy and Safety of Viaskin Milk for milk\u2010induced EoE) trial and its extensions. These included a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial, its open\u2010label extension, and a pilot immunological study. The SMILEE trial found no statistically significant difference in tissue eosinophilia between the active (EPIT) and control (placebo) arms in the intention\u2010to\u2010treat population, while 47% of treated EoE patients tolerated milk without recurrence of esophageal eosinophilia. This finding was further supported by a subsequent open\u2010label study with a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up. In the third publication, the researchers found that EPIT was associated with decreased Th2\u2010related transcripts and increased regulatory T\u2010cell\u2010associated transcripts. Only one eligible study evaluated the use of SCIT for treating EoE. It was a retrospective case\u2010control study reporting that SCIT had a neutral effect and yielded inconclusive findings regarding the course of EoE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is insufficient high\u2010quality evidence to support the effectiveness of alternative routes of AIT for the treatment of EoE, either as an add\u2010on or a standalone treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:44:23Z","timestamp":1781804663000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Allergen Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. An EAACI Task Force Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Votto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Pediatric Department Azienda Sanitaria Locale  Benevento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Rentzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Section of Allergology Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"Antolin\u2010Amerigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Rymarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia  Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1371-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George N.","family":"Konstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 424 General Military Training Hospital  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam T.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Allergy Evelina London Children's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Cianferoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Medical School  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arzu","family":"Bakirtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Gazi University  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1314-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Maria","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9483-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Tsoumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester 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