{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T05:57:24Z","timestamp":1703829444479},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,8]],"date-time":"2004-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1073520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Internal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels control the pattern of ciliary and flagellar beating in eukaryotes. In ciliates, ciliary reversal is induced by a rise in intra\u2010ciliary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, but the mechanism by which Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> induces reversal is not known. We injected the fluorescent Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> indicator Calcium Green into a ciliate <jats:italic>Didinium nasutum<\/jats:italic> and observed the intra\u2010ciliary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> level during the initial reversed stroke preceding spontaneous cyclic reversed beating. In <jats:italic>D. nasutum<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> rose throughout the length of the cilia undergoing initial reversed stroke. Electron microscopy with a combined oxalate\u2010pyroantimonate method showed Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> deposits distributed throughout the reversed cilia. We injected caged Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> into <jats:italic>D. nasutum<\/jats:italic> and irradiated the base or mid region of the cilia with UV to locally increase Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration. Uncaging Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in the middle of the cilia produced reversal distally, but not proximally to the site of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> release. These results strongly suggest that not only Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx sites, but also Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> binding sites and vectoral bending machineries for ciliary reversal, are distributed throughout the cilium. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 57:197\u2013206, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.10165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,26]],"date-time":"2004-01-26T08:11:06Z","timestamp":1075104666000},"page":"197-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ciliary reorientation is evoked by a rise in calcium level over the entire cilium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Iwadate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinobu","family":"Suzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.125.5.1119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"The subcellular distribution of calcium and the effects of calcium\u2010antagonists as evaluated with a combined oxalate\u2010pyroantimonate technique","volume":"24","author":"Borgers M","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.121.5.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E02-05-0298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(74)90503-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01283288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01279248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01279249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.1.35","article-title":"An all\u2010or\u2010nothing rise in cytosolic [Ca2+] in Vorticella sp","volume":"200","author":"Katoh K","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.6.6.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.18.6476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.154.3749.660"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3882.963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.56.3.667","article-title":"A regenerative calcium response in Paramecium","volume":"56","author":"Naitoh Y","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4034.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.58.3.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/264170a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970040404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00614525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198.12.2537","article-title":"Voltage\u2010dependence of ciliary activity in the ciliate Didinium nasutum","volume":"198","author":"Pernberg J","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(69)90033-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0248-4900(88)90051-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970110206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.18.6987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8924(94)90226-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.125.5.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.10111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.6.1315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Studies on Didinium nasutum. 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