{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:07:44Z","timestamp":1771643264219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7339,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Motility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The laterofrontal (LF) cirri on isolated gill filaments of Mytilus edulis, prepared in natural seawater, are active and initially beat with an average frequency of about 8 Hz (with a range of 6\u201314 Hz). However, the lateral (L) cilia on these filaments are arrested in a position at the end of their recovery stroke. Perfusion of the filament with artificial seawater (ASW), with or without 1% ethanol, has little or no biological effect on the activity of the LF cirri, although a transitory decrease in frequency often accompanies the perfusion process. The L cilia remain arrested during perfusion with ASW. The exposure of the gill to low levels of 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5HT) (10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> &lt; 5HT &lt; 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> M) has no effect on the activity of the LF cirri but stimulates the L cilia to beat. Exposure to higher concentrations of 5HT (&gt; 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> M) elevates the beat frequency of the L cilia and simultaneously inhibits the activity of the LF cirri, leading to their arrest in a position at the end of the effective stroke. This arrest of the LF cirri occurs as the L cilia attain a 5HT\u2010induced beat frequency between 12 to 14 Hz. The influence of 5HT on the L cilia and the LF cirri can be reversibly mimicked or enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine (IBMX). A concentration of 0.5 mM IBMX mimics low 5HT concentrations (about 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> M) by stimulating the L cilia to beat without affecting the beat frequency of the LF cirri. A combimation of 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> M 5HT and 0.5 mM IBMX in ASW mimics high (&gt; 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup> M) 5HT concentrations by arresting the LF cirri and increasing the beat frequency of the L cilia. Under these conditions, the threshold of the LF cirri arrest response is again found to occur as the L cilia attain a beat frequency of 12 \u2013 14Hz. These results suggest that the mechanisms of LF cirri arrest and L cilia activation are mediated by 5HT \u2010induced changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970050403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T04:19:38Z","timestamp":1109218778000},"page":"293-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The antagonistic effects of 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine and methylxanthine on the gill cilia of mytilus edulis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen R.","family":"Dirksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Satir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.33.2.30152299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Cilia and Flagella","author":"Aiello E.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.146.3652.1692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1539722"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Relationship between 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine and nerve stimulation of ciliary activity","volume":"154","author":"Aiello E.","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. 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