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Notably, against a clinical MRSA strain, C1\u2010PNC was found to render 8\u2010 and 6\u2010fold decreases in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>) of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Mechanistic studies on MRSA planktonic cells revealed that in the case of gentamicin, C1\u2010PNC promotes enhanced cellular uptake of the antibiotic, whereas the propensity of C1\u2010PNC to inhibit efflux pump activity could be leveraged to enhance cellular accumulation of ciprofloxacin, leading to effective killing of MRSA cells. Interestingly, the combinatorial dosing regimen of C1\u2010PNC and the antibiotics was nontoxic to cultured HEK293 cells. This nontoxic amphiphile\u2010loaded nanomaterial holds considerable promise as an adjuvant for antibiotic\u2010mediated alleviation of MRSA biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201700260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T17:59:55Z","timestamp":1497549595000},"page":"1125-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Amphiphilic Cargo\u2010Loaded Nanocarrier Enhances Antibiotic Uptake and Perturbs Efflux: Effective Synergy for Mitigation of Methicillin\u2010Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Durairaj","family":"Thiyagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Guwahati 781038 Assam India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Guwahati 781038 Assam India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiyagari","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Guwahati 781038 Assam India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806","volume":"339","author":"Lowy F. 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