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The novel compounds were evaluated for <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> activity against two different species of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> promastigotes, intramacrophage <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> amastigotes, chloroquine\u2010sensitive and chloroquine\u2010resistant strains of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, and also against mature\u2010stage <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> gametocytes. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated as well on BMDM cell lines. Most of the new compounds potently inhibited the growth of both <jats:italic>genera<\/jats:italic> of protozoa with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values in the high nanomolar range and good selectivities versus mammalian cells. Besides their potent activity against asexual intraerythrocytic stages of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, three compounds showed potential as transmission\u2010blocking agents. The key role of the hydrophilic C\u20102 aminopyridinyl substituent to improve the leishmanicidal activity and the influence of the length and the nature of the basic side chain on the antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity were underlined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201900522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T13:44:27Z","timestamp":1572270267000},"page":"1940-1949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Novel Hydrophilic Riminophenazines as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9589-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Bassanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Parapini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Via Pascal, 36 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Basilico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Via Pascal, 36 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2135-2649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sparatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization World Malaria Report: 2018 update; World Health Organization;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization|Fact-Sheets: Leishmaniasis https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact- sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis date last accessed: 2019-09-02; World Health Organization|Fact-Sheets: Leishmaniasis;2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.755515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.11.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4064-1.00057-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"391","author":"Brakel W. 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