{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:09:01Z","timestamp":1782436141086,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT PRH-2016-4835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT PRH-2016-4835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2016\u20133525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2016\u20133525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2017\u20130388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2017\u20130388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the human receptor that interacts with the spike protein of coronaviruses, including the one that produced the 2020 coronavirus pandemic (COVID\u201019). Thus, ACE2 is a potential target for drugs that disrupt the interaction of human cells with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 to abolish infection. There is also interest in drugs that inhibit or activate ACE2, that is, for cardiovascular disorders or colitis. Compounds binding at alternative sites could allosterically affect the interaction with the spike protein. Herein, we review biochemical, chemical biology, and structural information on ACE2, including the recent cryoEM structures of full\u2010length ACE2. We conclude that ACE2 is very dynamic and that allosteric drugs could be developed to target ACE2. At the time of the 2020 pandemic, we suggest that available ACE2 inhibitors or activators in advanced development should be tested for their ability to allosterically displace the interaction between ACE2 and the spike protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202000368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T12:53:09Z","timestamp":1594731189000},"page":"1682-1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["ACE2, the Receptor that Enables Infection by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: Biochemistry, Structure, Allostery and Evaluation of the Potential Development of ACE2 Modulators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lissy Z. F.","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Regulatory Mechanisms IBioBA-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society  Godoy Cruz 2390 Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Sacerdoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Regulatory Mechanisms IBioBA-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society  Godoy Cruz 2390 Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Piiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine I Frankfurt University Hospital  Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zeuzem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine I Frankfurt University Hospital  Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro E.","family":"Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Regulatory Mechanisms IBioBA-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society  Godoy Cruz 2390 Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Regulatory Mechanisms IBioBA-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society  Godoy Cruz 2390 Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Internal Medicine I Frankfurt University Hospital  Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.5.e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4240-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","author":"Muus C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0244-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0277226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212934200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm701275z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505111200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02062-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02202-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00071.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1823-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14867-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0279-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.19.10628-10635.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307140101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300520200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403812101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3846-3850.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02232-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409465102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-083012-130257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-050511-102222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8719-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8719-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2019.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2016.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","author":"Sharma S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","author":"Nami B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035268s"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311191200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000205761.22353.5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.108944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057111413919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000146120.29648.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","author":"Lui I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"428950","volume":"2012","author":"Poglitsch M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperthermia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","unstructured":"M. Scalise C. Indiveri SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery2020 2472555220934421."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2570OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","author":"Hanson Q. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0147-1"}],"container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcmdc.202000368","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmdc.202000368","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cmdc.202000368","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmdc.202000368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T11:13:25Z","timestamp":1760267605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cmdc.202000368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cmdc.202000368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmdc.202000368","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-7179","1860-7187"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-7179","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-7187","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}